Why do teenagers take risks, and why do so many well-intentioned drug and alcohol education programs fail to change behaviour? This evidence-based session explores what is happening in the adolescent brain, why risk-taking is a normal and essential part of development, and why the timing of prevention education is critical. Rather than viewing teenagers as irrational, we'll explore how their developing brains are wired to seek novelty, independence and social connection, and why peers and belonging are often the strongest influences on decision-making. Drawing on decades of prevention science, we'll challenge the myth that fear-based messaging and scare tactics prevent substance use. The evidence is clear: frightening young people doesn't change behaviour. Equipping them with accurate information, practical skills and confidence does. Participants will discover how to empower students through two critical protective skills: confidently refusing offers from close friends and knowing how to respond when they inevitably encounter drugs, alcohol or vaping in real-life situations. We'll also explore the important role educators play in prevention, where the boundaries of that role lie, and when to refer students for additional support. Finally, we'll introduce the OurFutures Institute Prevention Pathway, an evidence-based, whole-school approach that provides age-appropriate prevention education from Years 7–10 across vaping, health behaviours, alcohol and cannabis, and mental health. Attendees will leave with practical strategies to build student resilience, support healthier decision-making and create a prevention culture grounded in evidence rather than fear.