Background: Suicidal ideation (SI) is prevalent in nursing homes and is an important indicator for suicidal attempts. Depression is strongly associated with SI among nursing home residents However, the relationship between anxiety and SI in such populations is unclear. Aim: This study examined the extent to which depression and anxiety independently contributed to SI among nursing home residents, in context of other potential predictors: cognitive function, social support, gender, age, and functional independence. Method: Data were drawn from the ELders AT Ease (ELATE) study, a cluster randomised controlled trial involving 256 older adults across 81 nursing homes in greater Melbourne. The trial assessed the effects of a 16-week cognitive behavioural therapy program on depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Multiple regression analyses were conducted with baseline data. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that depression (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (assessed via the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory) and age independently predicted suicidal ideation (Paykel Suicide Scale). Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of prompt mental health assessments in nursing homes. Influences on SI are discussed, with suggestions for effective mental health interventions suitable to this setting.